What information can you see in the TLS Certificate message for each certificate in the chain?

• A. Subject, issuer, and validity
• B. Serial number only
• C. Signature algorithm only
• D. Public key length only

Answer: (A)

When you inspect a TLS Certificate message, you’re looking at X.509 certificates carried by the handshake. For each certificate, the key pieces you can readily observe are the subject (who the certificate is for), the issuer (which CA issued it), and the validity period (the Not Before and Not After dates). These fields identify the entity, confirm who vouches for it, and show the time window during which the certificate is valid. Other data such as the serial number, signature algorithm, or public key length exist in the certificate, but the most immediate attributes seen in this context are the subject, issuer, and validity.